Vertical and Horizontal Engines

Introduction:
Horizontal and vertical engines are identified by the line of the stroke. If the line of stroke of an engine piston is vertical, then it is a vertical engine. The line of stroke of the horizontal engine is horizontal.

In a reciprocating type of engine, primary and secondary forces of the reciprocating parts exist. These forces act along the line of stroke and depend on the crank position. These primary and secondary forces combine together and give maximum force to the engine crank when the crank is at TDC.